An allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to a normally harmless substance, known as an allergen. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, certain foods (like nuts, dairy, and shellfish), insect stings, and medications. When exposed to an allergen, the immune system mistakenly identifies it as harmful and releases chemicals like histamine, causing symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itching, skin rashes, swelling, wheezing, or even severe reactions like anaphylaxis. Allergies can be diagnosed through skin prick tests, blood tests, or elimination diets. Treatment includes avoiding allergens, using antihistamines, decongestants, or corticosteroids, and in severe cases, epinephrine injections. Immunotherapy (allergy shots) can help desensitize the immune system over time. Preventive measures like maintaining a clean environment, monitoring food intake, and managing exposure to triggers can help control allergic reactions. Seeking medical advice for persistent or severe allergy symptoms is essential for effective management.
